Teri viewpoint paper 2 ghg emissions from international. Convention means the united nations framework convention on climate change, adopted in new york on 9 may 1992. An international transaction log, a softwarebased accounting system, ensures the secure transfer of emission reduction units erus between countries. However, five years later, international aviation and maritime transport were explicitly excluded from the kyoto protocol s scope and have remained largely untouched. Since ratifying the kyoto protocol in december 2007, australia has been required to report its total greenhouse gas emissions to the united 1 source. Fossil fuels in a changing climate, impacts of the kyoto protocol and developing country participation concerns about global warming and its possible devastating effects have persuaded the international community to design an agreement known as the kyoto protocol. Montreal protocol means the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer, adopted in montreal on 16 september 1987 and as subsequently adjusted and amended. Kyoto protocol means the kyoto protocol to the united nations framework convention on climate change, adopted in kyoto on 11 december 1997.
How icao and the imo failed the climate change test. B denotes annexb countries, while row rest of world refers to nonannex b countries. For more detailed information and justification of the analysis and positions outlined in this guide the. The parties shall pursue limitation or reduction of emissions of greenhouse gases not controlled by the montreal protocol from aviation and marine bunker fuels, working. Controls on international aviation and marine transport fuels bunker fuels an important. Technical workshop on bunker fuel emissions bulletin.
Aircraft engine emissions international civil aviation. Statement from the international civil aviation organization. We would like to show you a description here but the site wont allow us. However, five years later, international aviation and maritime transport were explicitly excluded from the kyoto protocols scope and have remained largely untouched. Tackling maritime bunker fuel emissions tufts institute of the. Jun 06, 2016 the objective of the kyoto protocol was to keep the global temperature rise below 2. Because co2 is the most important ghg and because emissions of co2 mainly are attached to combustion of fossil fuels, implementation of the kyoto protocol will directly affect the demand for these fuels. Fossil fuels in a changing climate, impacts of the kyoto. The conference of the parties serving as the meeting of the parties copmop brings together those countries that have ratified or accepted the kyoto protocol. Bunkerworld business exchange houston 2010 19 capacity additions 19982008 million barrels per day residue hydrotreating has been added in asia but most upgrading capacity has been coking and cracking 0 1. Kyoto protocol to the united nations framework convention on. From sbsta 11 to sbsta 22, discussions centered on methodological issues regarding. Technical workshop on bunker fuel emissions bulletin, vol.
Unfccc has always acted to trigger debate on climate change in. Conference of the parties means the conference of the parties to the convention. A question has since arisen in the aviation community as. For the purposes of this protocol, the definitions contained in article 1 of the convention shall apply. Connie hedegaard 08 march 2011 european commission. The kyoto protocol 1997 concluded a first part of efforts to create. Carbon dioxide information analysis center, whitehelm advisers. The parties included in annex i shall pursue limitation emissions of ghg from marine bunker fuels, working through the international maritime organization extracts from article 2. Protocol shall, at its first session or as soon as practicable thereafter, consider ways to facilitate such cooperation, taking into account all relevant information. Icao, imo and the kyoto protocol sebastian oberthur ecologic, institute for international and european environmental policy, berlin, pfalzburger street 4344, 10717, berlin, germany. It included a formula to set differentiated emission reduction targets for parties based to the cumulative impact of parties. The kyoto protocol was an amendment to the united nations framework convention on climate change unfccc, an international treaty intended to bring countries together to reduce global warming and to cope with the effects of temperature increases that are unavoidable after 150 years of industrialization. Controls on international aviation and marine transport fuels bunker fuels an important loophole.
Bunker fuels emissions from aviation and marine bunker fuels used in international transport are reported separately from the. Protocol may take further action, as appropriate, to promote the implementation of the. Within kyoto protocol, imo is mandated to deal with international shipping ghg emissions. More than 12 years ago, the kyoto protocol identified the need to regulate bunker. The paris agreement and the regulation of international. Institutional interaction to address greehouse gas emissions from international transport. Dear minister fazekas, minister fellegi, unfccc negotiations resume shortly in bangkok without the item on sectoral approaches international bunker fuels point 1b iv of the lca track being on the agenda. The kyoto protocol does not cover ghg emissions from international aviation bunkers. Emissions from aviation and shipping collectively known as bunker fuels are the fastest growing source of global emissions and will account for about 2. The clean shipping coalition is the only global international environmental organization that focuses exclusively on shipping issues. Growth in fossil fuels and cement production emissions 5year trailing average source.
Institutional interaction to address greenhouse gas emissions from international transport. Stelios pesmajoglou, unfccc secretariat, provided a historical. It is now 14 years since the kyoto protocol allocated responsibility for limiting and reducing bunker emissions to annex 1 countries working through the imo and icao. Pdf military emissions, armed conflicts, border changes and the. Much depended on how one defines aviation bunker fuels, a term which is not commonly used in the aviation community. This publication is a contribution of the nuclear energy agency nea to the oecd work on issues related to global climate change and more broadly. The kyoto protocol restates this obligation, using somewhat stronger language united. The parties included in annex i shall strive to implement policies and measures under.
The negotiations on the regulation of these sectors emissions under the united nations climate regime, the international civil aviation organization and the international. Instead, article 2, paragraph 2 of the kyoto protocol states that the responsibility for limiting or reducing greenhouse gas emissions from aviation bunker fuels shall fall to the annex i parties, working through icao. The kyoto protocol to the climate convention a new legal. The kyoto protocol assigned responsibility for reducing bunker greenhouse gas emissions to developed annex 1 countries working through the international civil aviation organisation icao and international. The parties included in annex i shall strive to implement policies. The kyoto protocol assigned responsibility for reducing bunker greenhouse gas emissions to developed annex 1 countries working through the. Kyoto protocol summary first international treaty on. It promotes policies aimed at the protection and restoration of the marine and atmospheric environment that are consistent with the safe operation of ships, sustainable development, social and economic justice, and human health. Institutional interaction to address greenhouse gas emissions. Institutional interaction to address greenhouse gas. National estimates exclude emissions from bunker fuels whereas totals include emissions from bunker fuels. Kyoto treaty is an international agreement under united nations framework convention on climate change unfccc. Kyoto protocol to the united nations framework convention.
The unfccc is an international environmental treaty with the goal of achieving the stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous. A proposal by the delegation of brazil made in may 1997 as part of the negotiations on the kyoto protocol. Connie hedegaard 08 march 2011 commissioner for climate action, european commission. The kyoto protocol covers ghg emissions from the domestic aviation but not from the international aviation. Hence, the fossil fuel markets will be moved to a new equilibrium. A comprehensive summary of the kyoto protocol covering must know facts about it is provided below. Bunker fuels used in international air and marine transport account for the globe minus b. Apr 27, 2012 the kyoto protocol is a protocol linked to the united nations framework convention on climate change unfccc or fccc, aimed at fighting global warming. The kyoto protocol is a protocol linked to the united nations framework convention on climate change unfccc or fccc, aimed at fighting global warming. The roles of the fossil fuel markets are pivotal for the present analysis.
The kyoto protocol has established a flexible broadbased international mechanism that provides a valuable starting point for shaping efficient climate policies in the future. Hence, under the unfccc, the issue of bunker fuels is being discussed in its subsidiary body on scientific and technological advice, sbsta, mainly focusing on. Energy use is the major source of manmade air emissions. Emissions from aviation and marine bunker fuels form a significant part of the global climate problem almost 10%.
The parties included in annex 1 shall pursue limitation or reduction of emissions of greenhouse gases not controlled by the montreal protocol from aviation and marine bunker fuels, working through the international civil aviation organization and the. Objective of the climate change convention the climate change convention seeks to stabilize atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic humaninduced interference with the climate system. It is now 14 years since the kyoto protocol allocated. Group 6ankita mahajan 110 briji komban 115 ramya uk 144 2. Bailout airlines but only if they start paying tax and using cleaner fuels. This guide to the kyoto protocol is meant to provide a basic background to the kyoto protocol, what is in it and what is not, what it means and what greenpeaces concerns are. However, the united states continued to attend the annual. As with the convention, the protocol pays special attention to the concerns of developing countries, with emphasis on the specific needs of ldcs and of countries that are particularly vulnerable either to the adverse impacts of climate change or to the sideeffects of response bunker fuels emissions from aviation and marine bunker fuels used in. International aviation emissions are currently excluded from the targets.
The provisions of the kyoto protocol were legally binding on the ratifying nations and. Sandor fazekas 08 march 2011 tamas fellegi, dear minister. Fuels refinery selling bunker fuel i n c r e a s i n g r e f i n e r y c a p i t a l r i s k i n c r e a s i n g b u n k e r p r i c e. A fiveyear period was preferred to a single target year. This has arisen because the cancun discussion on bunker fuels proved yet again to be inconclusive. Our intention is to update this guide from time to time as the negotiations on implementing the kyoto protocol proceed. Kyoto protocol by 2005, and must submit a progress report in this respect by 1 january 2006. In the absence of any credible progress in the intervening years, considerable effort was expended in the runup to copenhagen to. The kyoto protocol, which elaborates the obligations as set out by the 1992 united nations framework climate change convention, recognizes this concern by calling upon its parties to pursue limitation or reduction of bunker fuels emissions through the international maritime organization. The kyoto protocol is a protocol to the united nations framework convention on climate change unfccc, aimed at fighting global warming the unfccc is an international environmental treaty with the goal of achieving the stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would.